Projects and drawing
1 THE TECHNOLOGICAL PROCESS …….. 4
1.1 Analysis of an object …….. 5
1.2 Documents for a project …….. 6
1.3 Recycling …….. 8
1.4 The working environment: health and safety …….. 9
1.5 Computer tools to plan, develop and present the project …….. 9
1.6 Sales …….. 10
2 PERSPECTIVE IN DRAWINGS …….. 12
2.1 First angle projection …….. 13
2.2 Oblique projection …….. 14
2.3 Axonometric projection …….. 15
2.4 Two point perspective …….. 16
2.5 Single point perspective …….. 17
2.6 Scale …….. 18
2.7 Dimensions …….. 19
2.8 Measuring …….. 20
Materials
3 PLASTICS …….. 24
3.1 Polymers …….. 25
3.2 Types of plastics …….. 27
3.3 Additives …….. 31
3.4 The plastic coding system …….. 31
3.5 Tools and techniques to work with plastics …….. 32
4 CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS …….. 36
4.1 Stone …….. 37
4.2 Cement …….. 38
4.3 Mortar …….. 39
4.4 Concrete …….. 40
4.5 Plaster …….. 41
4.6 Ceramics …….. 42
Electronics and electricity
5 ELECTRONICS …….. 46
5.1 Fixed value resistors …….. 46
5.2 Variable value resistors …….. 48
5.3 Capacitors …….. 49
5.4 What are semiconductors? …….. 49
5.5 Diodes …….. 50
5.6 Transistors …….. 52
6 ELECTRICITY …….. 56
6.1 Electrical magnitudes …….. 56
6.2 Measuring with a multimeter …….. 58
6.3 Electric symbols …….. 59
6.4 Electric circuits …….. 60
6.5 Types of circuit …….. 61
6.6 Alternating Current (AC) …….. 63
6.7 Direct Current (DC) …….. 64
6.8 Basic electric machines …….. 65
Energy and society
7 ENERGY AND ITS TRANSFORMATIONS ………. 70
7.1 Energy ………. 71
7.2 Power ………. 71
7.3 The production of electricity ………. 72
7.4 The transportation and distribution of electricity ………. 76
7.5 The transportation and distribution of fossil fuels ………. 77
7.6 Energy efficiency ………. 78
8 TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY ………. 80
8.1 Pollution ………. 81
8.2 The depletion of resources ………. 82
8.3 Correcting technologies ………. 83
8.4 Sustainable development ………. 84
Computing
9 HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE ………. 86
9.1 Hardware ………. 86
9.2 CPU ………. 87
9.3 Storage ………. 88
9.4 Expansion cards ………. 91
9.5 Peripherals ………. 92
9.6 Sharing resources on a local network ………. 93
9.7 Software ………. 94
9.8 Computer languages ………. 95
9.9 Basic system maintenance ………. 96
10 APPLICATIONS ………. 98
10.1 Installing new applications ………. 98
10.2 Vector drawing ………. 99
10.3 Raster graphics ………. 100
10.4 Databases ………. 102
10.5 Spreadsheets ………. 104
11 CONTROL AND ROBOTICS ………. 108
11.1 Parts of a robot ………. 109
11.2 Types of robots ………. 113
11.3 Uses and applications ………. 113
11.4 Regulation in control systems ………. 114
11.5 History ………. 115
11.6 Future ………. 115
12 COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY ………. 118
12.1 Wired and wireless communication ………. 118
12.2 Radio and television ………. 120
12.3 Radio-electric spectrum ………. 120
12.4 Satellites ………. 121
12.5 Telephony ………. 121
12.6 Web pages ………. 122
